6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
| |
United States |
Europe | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
(in millions) |
|||||||||
|
Goodwill at December 31, 2011 |
$ | 308.3 | $ | 41.5 | $ | 349.8 | ||||
|
Goodwill acquired during the year |
— | 34.9 | 34.9 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Goodwill at December 31, 2012 |
308.3 | 76.4 | 384.7 | |||||||
|
Currency translation adjustment |
— | 0.7 | 0.7 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Goodwill at December 31, 2013 |
$ | 308.3 | $ | 77.1 | $ | 385.4 | ||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Other intangible assets consist of the following (in millions):
| |
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||
| |
Cost | Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Value |
Cost | Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Value |
|||||||||||||
|
Amortizable intangible assets |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Patents |
$ | 221.7 | $ | (179.9 | ) | $ | 41.8 | $ | 211.2 | $ | (167.3 | ) | $ | 43.9 | |||||
|
Developed technology |
43.3 | (35.1 | ) | 8.2 | 41.3 | (33.0 | ) | 8.3 | |||||||||||
|
Other |
10.7 | (8.1 | ) | 2.6 | 10.6 | (6.8 | ) | 3.8 | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
275.7 | (223.1 | ) | 52.6 | 263.1 | (207.1 | ) | 56.0 | |||||||||||
|
Unamortizable intangible assets |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
IPR&D |
4.6 | — | 4.6 | 11.0 | — | 11.0 | |||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
$ | 280.3 | $ | (223.1 | ) | $ | 57.2 | $ | 274.1 | $ | (207.1 | ) | $ | 67.0 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill and IPR&D resulting from purchase business combinations are not subject to amortization. Other acquired intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful lives. The Company expenses costs incurred to renew or extend the term of acquired intangible assets.
In December 2013, the Company recorded a $5.9 million write-off of IPR&D assets acquired from Embrella. For further information, see Note 5.
The net carrying value of patents includes $23.4 million and $19.2 million of capitalized legal costs related to the defense and enforcement of issued patents for which success is deemed probable as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively (see Note 2).
Amortization expense related to other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $15.7 million, $13.3 million and $14.1 million, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for each of the years ending December 31 is as follows (in millions):
|
2014 |
$ | 15.1 | ||
|
2015 |
13.8 | |||
|
2016 |
13.4 | |||
|
2017 |
6.6 | |||
|
2018 |
1.3 |