A summary of income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Current income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 20 | $ | (452 | ) | |||
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 88 | (211 | ) | |||||
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 108 | $ | (663 | ) |