Income tax expense (benefit) included the following:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
(44,925
)
 
$
44,694

 
$
15,171

State
786

 
(2,318
)
 
1,781

Total current
$
(44,139
)
 
$
42,376

 
$
16,952

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
2,630

 
$
3,360

 
$
7,176

State
(5,280
)
 
2,546

 
(1,215
)
Total deferred
(2,650
)
 
5,906

 
5,961

Income tax expense (benefit)
$
(46,789
)
 
$
48,282

 
$
22,913