The following summarizes components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31:
millions
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Current
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
(140
)
 
$
(177
)
 
$
188

State
(1
)
 
(18
)
 
2

Foreign
378

 
495

 
1,574

 
237

 
300

 
1,764

Deferred
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
(1,020
)
 
(2,929
)
 
(389
)
State
(148
)
 
(145
)
 
27

Foreign
(90
)
 
(103
)
 
215

 
(1,258
)
 
(3,177
)
 
(147
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
(1,021
)
 
$
(2,877
)
 
$
1,617