The activity in the accrued balances and the non-cash charges and credits incurred in relation to restructuring and other cost reduction programs during the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and recorded in the restructuring and other charges line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
(in millions)
 
Employee Related Costs
 
Pension and Other Benefits Charges
 
Exit Costs
 
Non-cash Charges
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
$
5

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional charges
 
77

 
18

 
122

(a) 
126

(b) 
343

Cash payments/utilization
 
(19
)
 
(18
)
 
(9
)
 
(126
)
 
(172
)
Other adjustments and reclasses
 
(15
)
 

 
(6
)
 

 
(21
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
48

 
$

 
$
107

 
$

 
$
155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional charges
 
24

 

 


124

(c) 
148

Cash payments/utilization
 
(40
)
 

 
(39
)
 
(124
)
 
(203
)
Other adjustments and reclasses
 
(18
)
 

 
(8
)
 

 
(26
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
14

 
$

 
$
60

 
$

 
$
74


(a) Primarily environmental costs and charges associated with take or pay contracts.
(b) Charges are primarily related to asset impairments and accelerated depreciation associated with the permanent shutdown of
the Fairfield Flat-Rolled Operations and the cokemaking operations at Gary Works and Granite City Works.
(c) Charges are primarily related to the write down of inventory and assets associated with the permanent shutdown of the Lorain #4 and Lone Star #1 pipe mills and Bellville Operations within our Tubular segment.